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February 1, 1943: The US Army’s renamed Signal Security Agency (forerunner of NSA) formally begins top secret work on decoding encrypted Soviet diplomatic messages collected since 1939. These cables later became known as the Venona program, whose existence was finally declassified in 1995. Venona is one of the greatest counterintelligence sources in the 20th century. The information gained through these transactions provided U.S. leadership insight into Soviet intentions and treasonous activities of government employees until the program was canceled in 1980. The VENONA files are most famous for exposing Julius (code named LIBERAL) and Ethel Rosenberg and help give indisputable evidence of their involvement with the Soviet spy ring. The Venona project was declassified in July 1995.

 

CI Centre's Counterintelligence Timeline that lists all the spies in Venona

 

The Venona Story, by Louis Benson

Venona Chronology

Venona Documents - Dated

Venona Documents - Undated

  • Index of KGB Covernames: New York-Moscow Communications

  • Index of KGB Covernames: San Francisco-Moscow Communications

  • Index of KGB Covernames: Washington-Moscow Communications

  • Index of KGB Covernames: Unidentified Covernames (UCN)-New York-Moscow Communications

Remembrances of Venona, by William P. Crowell

FBI documents concerning Venona

1956 FBI Memo Regarding Venona

In the Enemy’s House: Venona and the Maturation of American Counterintelligence, by John F. Fox, Jr., FBI Historian

 

VENONA: Soviet Espionage and the American Response, 1939-1957 (NSA & CIA)

  • Foreword

  • Preface

  • Acronyms and Abbreviations

  • Chronology

  • Part I: The American Response to Soviet Espionage

  • Part II: Selected Venona Messages

The VENONA Progeny--Hayden Peake reviews the books that have been written about the VENONA project:

  • BENSON, Robert Louis and Michael WARNER, [Eds.], VENONA: Soviet Espionage And The American Response (Washington, DC: National Security Agency and the Central Intelligence Agency, 1996), 450 pp., 33 page introduction followed by various VENONA decrypts and related documents including a chronology; softbound, lettersize.  No index.

  • BALL, Desmond and David HORNER. Breaking The Codes: Australia's KGB Network 1944-1950 (St. Leonards, NSW, Australia: Allen & Unwin; 1998), 468pp, endnotes, appendices, bibliography, photos, index.

  • WEST, Nigel. Venona: The Greatest Secret Of The Cold War (London: HarperCollins, 1999), 384 pp., endnotes, bibliography, appendices, glossary, photos, index.

  • HAYNES, John Earl and Harvey KLEHR. Venona: Decoding Soviet Espionage in America (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1999), 487 pp., endnotes, appendices, photos, index.

  • WEINSTEIN, Allen and Alexander VASSILIEV. The Haunted Wood: Soviet Espionage in America—The Stalin Era (New York: Random House; 1999), 402pp; footnotes, endnotes, photos, index.  $30.00.  ISBN 0-679-45724-0

  • ALBRIGHT, Joseph and Marcia KUNSTEL.  BOMBSHELL: The Secret Story of America’s Unknown Atomic Spy Conspiracy (New York: Time Books, 1997), 399 pages, endnotes, bibliography, photos, index.

  • ROMERSTEIN, Herbert and Eric BREINDEL. and. The Venona Secrets: Exposing Soviet Espionage and America's Traitors (Washington, DC: Regnery Publishing, Inc.), 400 pp., endnotes, appendices, bibliography, photos, index.

  • Additional books written about Venona:

    • The Venona Secrets: Exposing Soviet Espionage and America's Traitors by Herbert Romerstein and Eric Breindel

    • Venona: Decoding Soviet Espionage in America by John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, 

    • Venona by CI Centre Professor Nigel West

    • The FBI-KGB War: A Special Agent's Story by Robert Lamphere

     

  • Other books about that era and its spies:

    • The Haunted Wood: Soviet Espionage in America- -The Stalin Era by Allen Weinstein and Alexander Vassiliev,

    • The Crown Jewels : The British Secrets at the Heart of the KGB Archives by Nigel West and Oleg Tsarev

    • Sacred Secrets: How Soviet Intelligence Operations Changed American History by Jerrold L. Schecter and Leona P. Schecter. Authors add documents recently obtained in Russia and information from original interviews to cast new light on the reasons for the attack on Pearl Harbor, atomic espionage, Alger Hiss, McCarthyism, and the Rosenberg case, among others.

    • Red Files: Secrets from the Russian Archives by George Feifer;

    • Perjury: The Hiss-Chambers Case by Allen Weinstein

    • Engineering Communism : How Two Americans Spied for Stalin and Founded the Soviet Silicon Valley by Steven T. Usdin

    • The Amerasia Spy Case: Prelude to McCarthyism by Harvey Klehr, Ronald Radosh

    • The Man Behind the Rosenbergs by retired KGB officer Alexander Feklisov, the Rosenberg's spy handler

    • The Rosenberg File by Ronald Radosh and Joyce Milton

    • The Brother: The Untold Story of Atomic Spy David Greenglass and How He Sent His Sister, Ethel Rosenberg, to the Electric Chair by Sam Roberts

    • Ethel Rosenberg: Beyond the Myths by Ilene Philipson
      An Execution in the Family: One Son's Journey by Robert Meeropol

    • On Doing Time by Morton Sobell

     

  • Book Reviews

    • Alger Hiss's Looking-Glass Wars: The Covert Life of a Soviet Spy

    • The Brother: The Untold Story of the Rosenberg Case

    • Clever Girl: Elizabeth Bentley, the Spy Who Ushered in the McCarthy Era

    • Early Cold War Spies: The Espionage Trials That Shaped American Politics

    • Engineering Communism: How Two Americans Spied for Stalin and Founded the Soviet Silicon Valley

    • The Haunted Wood: Soviet Espionage in America—the Stalin Era

    • How The Cold War Began: The Gouzenko Affair and the Hunt for Soviet Spies

    • Red Spies in America: Stolen Secrets and the Dawn of the Cold War

    • Red Spy Queen: A Biography of Elizabeth Bentley I

    • Red Spy Queen: A Biography of Elizabeth Bentley II

    • The Spy Who Seduced America: Lies and Betrayal in the Heat of the Cold War--The Judith Coplon Story

    • Treasonable Doubt: The Harry Dexter White Spy Case

Articles:

  • Tracking Julius Rosenberg’s Lesser Known Associates

  • How “Uncle Joe” Bugged FDR: The Lessons of History

  • The Alger Hiss Case: A Half-Century of Controversy

  • The Mystery of "ALES": Once Again, the Alger Hiss Case

Links:

  • Wikipedia on Venona

  • Cover Name, Cryptonym, CPUSA Party Name, Pseudonym, and Real Name Index: A Research Historian's Working Reference, by author John Earl Haynes

  • American Communism and Anticommunism: A Historian’s Bibliography and Guide to the Literature, compiled and edited by author John Earl Haynes

  • Russian Archival Identification of Real Names Behind Cover Names in VENONA, by author John Earl Haynes

  • Senator Joseph McCarthy's Lists and Venona, by author John Earl Haynes

  • Assistant Secretary of State Adolf Berle's notes on his meeting with Whittaker Chambers (2 September 1939). Berle was in charge of State Department security. Chambers told him about the Soviet spy network inside the US Government, including about State Department official Alger Hiss. The meeting was arranged by journalist Isaac Don Levine, who was also present. Adolf A. Berle brought the matter before President Franklin D. Roosevelt a few weeks later. FDR "dismissed the matter rather brusquely with an expletive remark on the order: 'Oh, forget it, Adolf.'" (Levine's memoirs)

  • Venona and Cold War Historiography in the Academic World, by author Harvey Klehr

  • Hiss in Venona: The Continuing Controversy, by John R. Schindler

  • 'ALES' is Still Hiss: The Wilder Foote Red Herring, by John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr

  • The Venona Files and the Alger Hiss Case

  • The Alger hiss Trials, 1949-1950

  • "Secrets, Lies and Atomic Spies," PBS NOVA program on Venona

  • Venona: What My Father Didn't Know, by Alan Caruba

  • Venona Ten Years Later: Lessons for Today, by Steven T. Usdin

 

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